Chapter 1 To the land of the incas
THE CHAPTER IN POINTS
• Leila returned from Peru to her country Egypt.
• She was back home in Cairo with her parents and her sister Samira.
• The Familiar sounds of her neighborhood-children playing in the street and the distant roar of traffic made her remember that she was not in Peru any more but she was back home.
On the table beside her bed there was a photo, It was a picture of her, holding up a little gold figure of an animal (a llama).
• That picture reminded her of that good day and reminded her also of Dr. Hafez who was very excited that day.
• She remembered also the days after that, which were not so good.
• When she remembered these days she felt a shiver down her back but this was all
over, she was safe here in Cairo. » Two months ago she was setting off on the biggest adventure of her life.
• Leila told us the story through flash back. She told us about her journey to Peru starting from the moment her sister was taking her to the airport in her car.
• The airport road was crowded as usual.
• She was listening to her sister Samira "who never stops talking", this made her
forget her worry about flying. Leila was excited because she had never been to South America before.
• Samira was so funny, "you quickly forget you are nervous or worried when you are with her."
• Unlike Samira, Leila was worried about everything.
• Samira asked Leila to tell Dr Hafez to take good care of her in Peru as she didn't want her falling off a mountain in the Andes.
• The excavation work is high up in the mountain about two and a half thousand meters as the Incas lived at high altitude.
The archaeological site was at Machu Picchu at three thousand meters high up in the mountains.
• Cuzco, their Capital is even higher.
• They were really tough, these Incas.
• The Incas didn't have any writing and yet they controlled a huge empire.
• Dr Hafez was looking for a Chimu kings' tomb.
• The Incas conquered the Chimu who were famous for their gold and silver work.
• Only kings and nobles had things made of gold.
• Researches there have found new ways of discovering how old things made of wood or cloth are.
• Leila was taking Dr Hafez a small machine and details of a new technique developed by the departments of archaeology in Cairo. It's a small laser to date things, It's the latest technology and all "Very new. They wanted to be the first to-use it. It is not carbon dating.
• Samira was a reporter on one of the Cairo newspapers, she was always looking for good articles for her paper.
• Good titles for her articles might be "SECRETS OF AN INCA TOMB" "EGYPTIAN ARCHEOLOGIST FINDS INCA TREASURE"
• Samira was wonderful, and full of enthusiasm..
• They reached the-airport, Samira saw her off. Leila promised to send her a postcard or may be an e- mail.
QUESTIONS WITH MODEL ANSWERS
1.Why was Leila pleased to be back in Cairo?
Because she was safe in Cairo.
2.Why was Leila nervous?
Leila was nervous about flying.
3.What must Leila tell Dr Hafez?
Leila must tell Dr. Hafez to take good care of her.
4.Why was Leila excited to be going to Peru?
Because she had never been to South America before.
5.How did Samira make Leila forget her nervousness about flying?
Samira never stopped talking. She was so funny that she made Leila forget her nervousness about flying.
6.Why hadn't Leila had time to be excited to be going to Peru?
Because she spent most of her previous night packing her luggage.
7.Why would it be wonderful to find a king's tomb?
It would be wonderful to find a king's tomb to find some of the Chimu's gold and silver work.
8.What's Samira's job?
She is a reporter on one of the Cairo newspaper.
9.What was Samira always looking for?
Samira was always looking for good articles for her newspaper.
10.How was Leila different from Samira?
Samira was funny and enthusiastic while Leila was worried about everything.
11.What would be a good title for a newspaper article according to Samira?
SECRETS OF AN INCA TOMB - EGYPTIAN ARCHAEOLOGIST FINDS INCA TREASURE.
12.What's the latest technology used for dating old things made of wood or cloth?
laser - dating is the latest technique used for dating old things made of wood or cloth.
13. Why was the Laser-dating considered secret?
Because Dr Hafez's team wanted to be the first to use it.
14. What did Leila take with her for Dr Hafez?
Leila took with her for Dr Hafez a small machine and details of a new technique developed by the Department of archaeology in Cairo.
15.What showed that the Incas were tough?
They lived at high altitude.
16. What was strange about the Incas?
They didn't have any writing, yet they controlled a huge empire. They were really tough.
17. How did the photo by Leila's bed show her?
The Photo by Leila's bed showed her looking at the camera and holding up a little gold figure of an animal, called a llama
18. What made Leila remember she was in Cairo again?
The familiar sounds of her neighbourhood-children playing in the street made her remember she was in Cairo again.
19. Why was Leila so excited?
Because she was going to Peru arid because she had never been to South American.
20. What was the relation between the Incas and the Chimu?
The Incas conquered the Chimu who were famous for their gold and silver work.. Most Inca gold work were actually made by the Chimu people.
21. What is the Inca Empire?
The Inca empire was between 1492- 1525. The empire extended along the pacific coast of south America. The empire extended along the pacific coast of south America. Now known as Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile. Argentina and Peru.
22. What were the Incas?
They were the Peruvian ancient people. ( They had a great empire and great civilization. A south American people of Peru who ruled a large area of the Andes from Ecuador to Chile.
23. Where did the Incas live?
The Incas lived high up in the mountains (at high altitudes
24. What was the Inca capital?
Cuzco was the Inca capital and it was higher than Machu Picchu.
25. Where is the Archaeological Site in Peru?
The archaeological site was at Machu Picchu at three thousand meters high up in the mountains. It was where the Incas lived.
QUOTATIONS
1."Outside I could hear the familiar sounds of our neighborhood, children playing in the street.
1.Who said this to whom?
2.What made Leila remember she was in Cairo again?
3.Where has the speaker been to?
The Answer:
1 .This was said by Leila to herself.
2.The familiar sounds of her neighborhood-children playing in the street. The call of the man selling melons, the distant roar of traffic
3-. She has been to Peru.
2. But some of the days after that were not so good."
1.Who said this to whom?
2.Why was the speaker pleased to be back to Cairo again?
3.On what occasion was it said?
The Answer:
1 .Leila to herself 2.Because she was safe after a very big adventures in Peru.
3.When she returned home.
3. " You must be so excited to be going to Peru"
1.Who said this to whom?
2.What was Sami
3-Whcre were they?
The Answer;
1 .It was said by Samira to Leila.
2.Samira was a reporter on one of the Cairo newspaper.
3.On the way to the airport.
4."Ycs, of course I'm excited I've never been to south America before.
1.Who said this to whom?
2.Why was the speaker excited?
3.Where was the speaker going?
The Answer:
1.It was said by Leila to Samira.
2. it was the first time to have been to South America.
3.She was going to Peru.
5. "Don't worry, "Everyone always forgets something."
1.Who said this to whom?
2.What was Leila?
3.Makc a comparison between Leila and Samira.
The Answer:
1 .It was said by Samira to Leila.
2.She was an Egyptian archaeologist. She went to Peru in South America. She was working there with Dr. Hafez for a UNESCO exchange programme.
3.Samira was funny and full- of enthusiasm but Leila was always worried and nervous.
6. "You quickly forget you are nervous or worried when you are with her.
1.Who said this to whom?
2.Who was the speaker talking about?
3.To what extent was Samira different from Leila.
The Answer:
1 .Leila to herself.
2.Samira
3.Samira was funny, talkative and full of enthusiasm but Leila was always worried and nervous.
8. " The Incas lived at high altitude, "
1.Where did the Incas live?
2.What was the Capital of the Incas?
3. What was amazing about the Incas?
The Answer:
1 .The Incas lived at high altitudes about two and a half thousand metres.
2.Cuzco
3- They didn't have any writing and yet they controlled a huge empire
9. We are hoping to use it in our excavations in Peru."
1.Who said this to whom?
2.What did Leila take with her for Dr. Hafez?
3.What the latest technology used for dating old things?
The Answer:
1 .Leila to Samira.
2.A small laser machine and details of new technique developed by the department of archaeology in Cairo.
3.Laser -dating is the latest technique used for dating old things made of wood or cloth.
10. "Not many people know about it, so yes, it is a sort of secret."
l. Who said this to whom?
2.What was the secret?
3.Why was it a sort of secret?
The Answer:
1 .Leila to Samira.
2.The secret was the use of the latest technology for dating old things made of wood or cloth. ( Laser - dating machine )
3.Because Dr. Hafez's team would like to be the first to use it.
11. " SECRETS OF AN INCA TOMB. That would be a good title
1.Who said this to whom?
2.What were the headlines about?
3.On what occasion was it said?
The Answer; "
1 .Samira to Leila.
2.They were about the articles which Samira would write about Leila's discoveries in Peru
3.When Samira and Leila were on their way to the airport.
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1. The photo on the table beside Leila's bed showed …………………
Leila with a little gold figure of an animal, called a llama.
2. In her picture, Leila was holding up....................................................
a little gold figure of an animal
3. Two months ago, Leila was setting off on ………………………
the biggest adventure in her life.
4. Cuzco is ................................................................................
the capital of Inca.
5. The Incas didn't have.......................................................................
any writing , yet they controlled a huge empire.
6. The Incas conquered the Chimu who.............................................
were famous for their gold and silver work.
7. The machine, Leila took Dr Hafez used a small laser to................
date old things.
8. Leila was working as .......................................................................
a research assistant at Cairo University. She was an archaeologist.
Chapter 2 The man on the plane
THE CHAPTER IN POINTS
• As there is no direct flight to Lima, the capital of Peru, from Cairo Leila had to fly to New York and then change planes.
• She arrived in New York and stayed at a hotel at the airport.
• The next morning, she boarded the plane to lima.
• A stranger in the Neighbouring seat called Martin Lander started a conversation with
Leila. « The stranger was in his mid - thirties.
• lie had fair hair and a sun - tanned face.
• He neither looked like a businessman nor a tourist.
• He looked as if he worked outdoors a lot.
• He asked Leila some questions about her journey and work.
• He asked Leila whether she was going to Peru for a holiday or not.
• Leila told him it was a business trip.
• He told her he was a mining engineer.
• Working in copper and silver mines around Cuzco.
• He told her he .was looking for places where there were other interesting things to find
• He didn't want to say anything definite about his work.
• Leila thought that mining and archaeology have some things in common.
• Leila thought that the stranger was not American but might be German.
• He told her that he was based in the united states and spent a few months every year in Peru. « He was born in South Africa but had an American passport.
• Leila told Martin Lander that she was an Egyptian archaeologist and going to work in an archaeological site.
• Her work was part of a UNESCO exchange programme. « Martin was quite interested in her work
• He asked her if the UNESCO programme meant Peruvian archaeologists were working in Egypt. She answered affirmatively saying that it was an interesting idea because there are some similarities between the Ancient Egyptians and the ancient peoples of south America.
• Leila told him she was a researcher at the university of Cairo. « Dr Hafez made her take u archaeology.
• Dr Hafez was an old family friend.
• He is a well known archeologist.
• He used to tell her about the work he was doing.
• She decided to follow in his footsteps.
• Leila told Martin that she did her degree in Rome at the Italian institute of archaeology.
• Leila didn't study with Dr Ha fez because she didn't want people to think Dr Hafez was giving her special treatment if she studied with him at Cairo university.
• She told him that Dr Hafez was working in the valley of the Nobles in Luxor.
• She worked with him in her first dig in Luxor and they discovered a tomb which had wonderful paintings of birds and animals on the walls.
• Martin wanted to know more about their work but Leila decided not to tell that man too much more because she wasn't very comfortable.
• Leila was reading some papers about the latest developments in archaeological research that she was bringing from Cairo for Dr Hafez.
• Martin was curious about it.
• Leila put the research in the pocket in the seat in front of her and slept.
• Martin was searching for something in the pocket in front of Leila's seat when she woke up.
• He apologized saying he was searching for the in-flight magazine.
• Leila suspected him and began to take care of him.
• The flight arrived in Lima.
• Leila told him that Dr Hafez would meet her at the airport and they would fly to Cuzco.
• She didn't want to tell him exactly where Dr Hafez excavations were taking place.
• Martin Lander told her that he would see her in Cuzco.
• Leila was nervous when the plane takes off but even more nervous when it lands.
• When the plane landed at Lima international airport Martin Lander followed her, she pretended not to see him.
• When you' are on the plane you are friends, but as soon as you get off you become strange again.
• The customs searched her luggage and looked at everything especially the laser machine.
• She explained that she was part of a UNESCO archaeological project so they let her through. '
• Dr Hafez received her and asked her many questions about her, her flight, her father and Samira.
• He asked her whether she brought the leaser machine, she answered affirmatively.
• Leila introduced Martin Lander to Dr Hafez.
• Dr Hafez wondered if he and Mr. Lander had met before in the Machu Picchu area.
• Lander said that they had not met before as he was a mining engineer and not an archaeologist.
• Martin Lander told Dr Hafez that Leila had told him about his work in Egypt.
• He called him Mr. Mander.
• Dr Hafez and Leila hurried to catch the flight to Cuzco.
• Lander hoped to meet them in Peru.
QUESTIONS WITH MODEL ANSWERS
1. How did Leila go from Cairo to Lima?
Leila went from Cairo to Lima in a connecting flight . She had to fly to hew York and then had to change plane to fly to Lima.
2. Why had Leila to change planes on her way to Lima?
Because there wasn't a direct flight from Cairo to Lima.
3. What did Leila do in New York?
In New York Leila stayed at a hotel at the airport then she boarded the plane to Lima in the morning.
4. Why did she stay at a hotel at the airport in New York?
Because the connecting flight was the next day.
5. What did Martin Lander say he was ?
He said he was a mining engineer working in copper and silver mines.
6. Where did Martin Lander tell Leila he was going to be working?
Around Cuzco.
7. Why didn't Leila get exact information about the man's work?
Although he said he worked as a mining engineer, he added that he was looking for places where there were other interesting things to find.
8. What did Leila decide not to do while she was having a conversation with Martin Lander?
Leila decided not to tell him too much more information about her excavation in Peru because she suspected him.
9. What was Lander's nationality?
. He was American although he was born in South Africa.
10. What happened when he heard that she was an archaeologist?
He seemed to be interested in Leila's work.
11. What made Leila take up archaeology?
When Leila was young, she used to listen to Dr Hafez who was a well - known archaeologist. She thought that it was exciting. So, she decided to follow in his footsteps.
12. Why did Leila decide not to study with Dr Hafez in Cairo?
Because people might think he was giving her special treatment.
13. Where did she do her degree?
She did her degree in Rome at the Italian Institute of archaeology.
14. Why did Leila stop telling Martin Lander too much more information?
Because she felt uncomfortable when he asked her a lot of questions.
15. Where did Leila work with Dr Hafez before?
She worked with Dr Hafez in the Valley of Nobles in Luxor where they discovered a tomb containing some jewellery and wonderful paintings of birds and animals on the walls.
16. What were the papers which Leila brought to Dr Hafez about?
They were about the Latest developments in archaeological research.
17. What was Martin Lander doing when Leila was asleep?
He was looking through the pocket in the seat in front of her. Fie seemed to be looking for the papers Leila was reading.
18. How did Martin Lander justify this wrong action?
He said that he was looking for the in-flight magazine.
1 9. What doubtful act did Martin do on the plane?
Martin did a doubtful act on the plane when he was looking for something in the pocket in the seat in front of Leila. He was really trying to read Leila's papers when she was sleeping.
20. Why wouldn't Leila stay m Lima?
Because Dr Hafez would take her to Cuzco where his excavations were taking place.
21. Why did Leila decide not to ask for a window seat the next time to fly?
Because she was nervous to see the plane take off or land.
22- What did the Customs officials do with Leila's luggage?
They looked at everything in her luggage, especially the laser machine. When Leila
explained that she was part of a UNESCO archeological project, they let her through.
23. What did Dr Hafez think when he was introduced to Martin Lander?
That he had met him before.
24. Where did Dr Hafez think he had met Martin Lander before?
He thought he had met him in the Machu Picchu area in Peru.
25- What did Leila do in New York?
In New York Leila stayed at a hotel at the airport then she boarded the plane to Lima in the morning.
27- What did Martin Lander say he was ?
He said he was a mining engineer working in copper and silver mines.
28- What did Leila decide not to do while she was having a conversation with Martin Lander?
Leila decided not to tell him too much more information about her excavation in Peru because she suspected him.
29- Where did the man say he was going to be working?
He said he was going to be working around Cuzco.
30- What did Dr Hafez think when he was introduced to Martin Lander? -/
That he had met him before.
31. What were the papers which Leila brought to Dr Hafez about?
They were about the Latest developments in archaeological research.
33. What doubtful act did Martin do on the plane?
Martin did a doubtful act on the plane when he was looking for something in the pocket in the seat in front of Leila. He was really trying to read Leila's papers when she was sleeping.
QUOTATIONS
1. "Are you going to Peru for a holiday?"
1. Who said this to whom?
2. Where was it said?
3. What's the answer?
The Answer;
1 .Martin Lander to Leila.
2.On the plane from New York to Lima.
3.No, It was a business trip.
2. " I'm looking for places where there are other interesting things to find."
1. Who said this to whom?
2. What was the speaker's job as he said?
3. Where was it said?
The Answer :
1 .Martin Lander to Leila.
2.He was a mining engineer.
3.On the plane form New York to Lima.
3. "After all, mining and archaeology have some things in common".
1. Who said this?
2. Who was working in mining and who was working in archaeology.
The Answer;
1- .Leila
2.Martin Lander was working in mining and Leila was working in archaeology.
4. "Well, I have an American passport but I was born in south Africa.
1. Who said this to whom?
2. Where were they?
3. What nationality was Martin?
The Answer:
1 .Martin Lander to Leila. 2.On the plane. 3.He was American.
5. "Does this UNESCO Programme mean Peruvian archaeologists are working in Egypt?"
1. Who said this to whom?
2. What was Martin?
3. What was the aim of Martin Lander?
The ...Answer
1. Martin Lander to Leila.
2. He was a mining engineer.
3. To get information from Leila about the archaeological site.
6. "It's an interesting idea, "
1. Who said this to whom?
2. What was this interesting idea?
3. What was Leila?
The Answer:
1. Leila to Martin Lander.
2. The UNESCO exchange programme in the field of archaeology.
3. Leila was a research assistant at Cairo university.
7. "I'm a research assistant at the university of Cairo".
1. Who was the speaker and to whom?
2. Where was the speaker going?
3. What made the speaker take up archaeology.
The Answer;
1. Leila to Martin Lander.
2. She was going to Lima .(the capital of Peru)
3. She decided to follow in Dr. Hafez's footsteps..
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1. Leila had to take a connecting flight to Lima because……
There wasn't a direct flight between Cairo and Lima.
2. Leila stayed at a hotel at the airport in New York because…
The connecting flight was not until very early the next day.
3. Leila asked for a window seat in order to...............................
Enjoy seeing the sights.
4. Lander said that he worked.....................................................
As a mining engineer.
5. The man on the plane had an American passport although.....
He was born in- South Africa.
6.The man in the plane seemed interested in Leila's work when..
he heard she was an archaeologist.
7. But for Dr Hafez, Leila..........................................................
Wouldn't have taken up archaeology.
8. Leila preferred not to study with Dr Hafez as…………
People might think he was giving her special treatment.
9. Leila did her degree at.............................................................
The Italian Institute of Archaeology.
10. Leila did her first dig in.............................................................
the Valley of Nobles in Luxor.
11. In the valley of the Nobles, Dr Hafez.........................................
discovered a tomb with wonderful paintings of birds and animals on the wall, and containing some jewellery.
12. Leila decided not to tell the man on the plane any more information because…..
He asked her a lot of questions and she began to doubt him.
13. The papers which Leila brought form Cairo for Dr Hafez were about.......
The latest developments in archaeological research.
14. In order to avoid Lander's questions, Leila..........................
Started to read the papers she brought for Dr. Hafez and then she slept.
15. Martin Lander justified looking through the pocket in the seat in front of Leila saying that...............................................
He was looking for the in - flight magazine.
Chapter 3 The flight to Cuzco
THE CHAPTER IN POINTS CH 3
• Leila and Dr Hafez took the plane from Lima to Cuzco.
• Dr Hafez read through the papers that Leila had brought with her and made sure that they were working along the right lines.
• Leila asked Dr Hafez about the excavations and how they were going.
• Dr Hafez told her that they were digging at a site near Quenco which is three hours by car from Cuzco where there was once a great city there.
• Dr Hafez told Leila that everyone knew about Machu Picchu, the great Inca city that was lost for hundreds of years.
• They believed that there were other Inca cities of the people they conquered, some
of them hadn't been discovered at that time.
• Dr Hafez told Leila that two days before they had found a wall in the city and he
thought it might be a wall of a tomb and they were going to break through into the
tomb that week.
• It could be a tomb of a king because there were some marks on the wall and there
was also a picture of a llama. That's a sign that the tomb might be royal.
• Their experience in the valley of Nobles was really useful.
• Dr Hafez said it was very interesting to discover the similarities and differences
between the ways the Incas and the ancient Egyptians buried their dead.
The similarities
• The Incas and the Ancient Egyptians put gold and silver objects beside the bodies of
their kings.
• They dressed them in beautiful clothes.
• They put gold masks on their faces.
• They put gold figures of animals in their tombs.
• They put food and drinks beside them.
• They believed that their kings and queens would need food and drinks when they
went into the next world.
• The Inca kings were mummified.
The differences
• Every year at important festivals, the mummified kings were put on litters and dressed in fine clothes and taken through the streets.
• The Incas killed women and servants and buried them with the king to take care of him in the next world.
• The mountains were very beautiful. It's amazing that they were not far from equator and yet' there was always snow.
• Dr Hafez told Leila that he was sure that he met Martin Lander before and his name wasn't Lander.
• Though he worked for the United Mining, he got involved with some people who were taking Inca objects out of the country.
• He thought that Lander had to leave his job with United Mining .
• Dr Hafez didn't think United Mining was working in Peru then. Dr Hafez asked Leila to be careful and asked her if she had informed Lander about their work in Peru.
• Leila told Dr Hafez that she informed Lander of little things
• Dr Hafez asked Leila to be careful from Lander.
• He said to her "there are people who go to Peru and dig up old Inca cities, they are not archaeologists and don't care about the past"
• They break into tombs.
• They find gold and silver things and take them out of the country.
• These things should be in museums for everyone to see but the thieves sell them to rich collectors.
• The rich collectors don't care where these objects are stolen or not.
• Dr Hafez chose Leila to be in charge of a small team with three local archaeologists ( one of the two teams under his direction) v
• Dr Hafez chose her because he wanted someone who could understand him, someone whom he could trust.
Questions with Model Answers
1. What did Dr Hafez say when he read the papers Leila brought?
He said that they were working along the right lines.
2. Where were the excavations taking place?
They were taking place at a site near Quenco about three hours by car from Cuzco called Machu Picchu.
3. What was Machu Picchu?
It was the great Inca city that was lost for hundreds of years.
4- Why did the German tourists come to Peru?
To visit Machu Picchu, the great Inca city that was lost for hundreds of years.
5. How did Dr Hafez know that the newly discovered tomb was a tomb of a king?
They found some marks on the walls of the tomb. There was also a picture of a llama. It was a sign of a royal Tomb.
6. Mention some similarities and differences between the Incas and the ancient Egyptians.
See Quotation No. 12
7. Why did Hafez Suspect Lander?
Dr Hafez was sure that they had met before. Martin had left his job with United Mining and United mining was not working in Peru then.
8. Who was Amalia Guzman?
She was one of the local archaeologists.
9. How did Amalia feel towards Leila at first sight?
She was unfriendly to Leila. She looked at her without a smile.
10- Why did Dr Hafez advise Leila to be more careful?
Because some people come to Peru to dig up old Inca cities and break into tombs. They take the gold and silver things out of the country in order to sell them to rich collectors.
11- what did Dr. Hafez say about Lander to Leila ?
a- Dr Hafez said he had met him before and his name wasn't Lander.
b-He said that Martin Lander got involved with some people who were taking Inca objects out the country,
c- Dr Hafez doubted Martin's presence in Peru because United Mining wasn't working there at that time.
12- Why did Dr. Hafez choose Leila to be in charge of one team ?
as he needed someone understand him and who he trusted.
13- Why did the Incas kill women and servants and put them with the kings?
* Because they believed they would take care of the kings when they went into the next world.
13- What made Martin Lander leave his job with United Mining?
* As he got involved with people who were taking Inca objects out of the country and that United mining was not working in Peru any more.
14 in your point of view, would Leila be able to do the work Dr Hafez wanted her to do? Why?
* Of course, she would;
1- Because she had worked with him before in Luxor in the Valley of Nobles .
2- she had previous experience in that field.
15- Why was Dr Hafez's and Leila's experience in the Valley of the nobles useful?
* Because they could discover the similarities and differences between the ways the Incas and the Ancient Egyptians buried their dead.
16- What task did Dr Hafez ask Leila to take over?
* He wanted her to be in charge of a team of local archaeologists.
17 Where should gold and silver objects found be kept?
* They should be kept in museums, so that everyone can see them
QUOTATIONS
1. "It's just as I thought. Good."
a) Who said this to whom?
b) Why was the speaker happy?
c) What was the speaker?
The Answer:
a) It was said by Dr Hafez to Leila,
b) The speaker was happy because he knew that they were working on the right lines after reading the papers that Leila had brought from Cairo. -
c) He as a well-known archaeologist and the leader of the excavation.
2. "These papers show that we are working on the right lines."
a) Who said this to whom? 3
b) Why was the speaker excited?
c) Who brought those paper?
The Answer;
a) Dr Hafez to Leila b) Because Dr Hafez knew that he was working on the right lines.
c) Leila, the research assistant.
3. "We are digging at a site near Quenco . We now believe there was once a great city there."
a) Who said this to whom?
b) Where were the speakers?
c) Why were they digging there?
The Answer
a) This was said by Dr Hafez to Leila.
b) They were on the plane to Cuzco.
c) To find Inca treasures.
4. "That's where those German tourists are going, no doubt."
a) Who said this to whom?
b) Why did the German tourists come to Peru?
c) What was Machu Picchu?
The Answer
a) This was said by Dr Hafez to Leila.
b) To visit old Inca sites in Machu Picchu.
c) Machu Picchu was a great Inca city that was lost for hundreds of years.
5. "But we believe there are other Inca cities and cities of the people they conquered."
a) Who said this to whom?
b) Whom did the Incas conquered?
c) What were the Chimu famous for?
The answer
a) This was said by Dr Hafez to Leila.
b) The Incas conquered the Chimu.
c) The Chimu were famous for their gold and silver work.
6. "There are some marks on the wall. "
a) Who said this to whom? b) Which tomb were the speaker talking about?
c) Why did the speaker think that the tomb was royal?
The Answer.
a) This was said by Dr Hafez to Leila.
b) It could be a tomb of a king . A royal tomb.
c) Because they found some marks on the walls of the tomb. There was also a picture of a llama.
8. " But our Experience in the valley of the Nobles is really useful."
a) Who said this to whom?
b) Where did Leila work before with Dr Hafez?
c) Why did Dr Hafez choose Leila to work with him?
The answer.
a) Dr Hafez to Leila.
b) In the Valley of Nobles in Luxor. They excavated the tomb of Sennofer together
c) He trusted her. She was experienced and young. She could speak English well.
9. "It's very interesting to discover the similarities and differences between the ways the Incas and the ancient Egyptian buried their dead
a) Who said this to whom?
b) What are the similarities between the ancient Egyptians and the Incas?
c) What are the differences?
The Answer
a) Dr Hafez to Leila.
b) The similarities are : • Both of them put gold and silver objects beside the bodies of their kings.
• Both dressed the kings in beautiful clothes.
• Both put gold masks on their faces.
• Both of them put gold figures of animals in their tombs.
• Both put food and drink beside their dead kings.
• They both mummified their kings .
c) The differences are :
• Every year the Incas held important festivals in which they put the mummified kings on litters and dressed them in fine clothes and took them through the streets. *
• The Incas killed women and servants and buried them with the kings to take care of them in the next world.
13. "I'm sure I have met him before. "
a) Who said this to whom?
b) Who was the speaker talking about?
c) Why did some people take Inca objects out of the country?
The Answer
a) This was said by Dr Hafez to Leila.
b) The speaker was talking about Martin Lander.
c) To sell them to rich collectors.
14. "You must be careful"
a) Who said this to whom?
b) What docs "They" refer to? .
c) Mention one of those thieves.
The Answers
a) This was said by Dr Hafez to Leila .
b) "They" refers to the thieves who steal Inca treasures.
c) Martin Lander.
15. "Some do, some don't but most of them don't care. "
a) Who said this to whom?
b) Who was the speaker referring to?
c) What did those people do.
The Answer
a) Hafez to Leila.
b) He was referring to the rich collectors who used to buy the stolen artifacts.
c) They don't care about the stolen artifacts.
Complete the following sentences
1. The coastal plain in Peru reminded Leila of................................
The desert in Egypt
2. Although Peru is near the equator there is always ...................
Snow on the mountain lops.
3. Martin Lander got involved with................................................
Some people who were taking Inca objects out of the country.
4. Dr Hafez advised Leila to............................................................
Be careful what she said and who she spoke to.
5. Dr Hafez was keen that Leila came to Peru because……........
He trusted her and she understood him.
6. After reading the papers Leila brought for him, Dr Hafez……
Said that they were working along the right lines.
7. On the plane, Dr Hafez was careful not to let anyone...................
hear him talking about the excavation.
8. The picture of the Llama they found in the tomb is………..........
A sign that the tomb may be a royal tomb.
9. The experience Dr Hafez and Leila gained in the valley of the Nobles.......................................................................................................
helped them much in their excavation.
10. Like the Ancient Egyptians, the Incas………………………
put gold and silver objects beside the bodies of their kings.
11. Unlike the Ancient Egyptians, the Incas……………………
killed women and servants and buried them with the king.
12. Dr Hafez suspected Lander because ........................................
that name wasn't his real name and United Mining which Lander was working f was not working in Peru then.
13. Every year in important festivals, the Incas………………………
put their mummified kings on letters, dressed them in fine clothes and took them through the street.
14. Amalia Guzman was one..............................................
of the local archaeologists working on the excavation
15. Leila couldn't imagine to…………………………………
be in charge of a team of archaeologists.
Chapter 4 The hill of the king
THE CHAPTER IN POINTS 4
•Leila El Assaby arrived at the excavation site ( camp) with Dr Hafez and Amalia
after a big journey . Leila had headache and was so tired because of the jet - lag she
had got.
•Dr Hafez advised Leila to ask Amalia for some headache pills.
•Dr Hafez had to go to Quenco for a meeting.
•Dr Hafez was expecting a visit from the local UNESCO representative.
•Dr Hafez wanted to make sure that she got a good impression about their work.
•Dr Hafez said if there was a problem about the work in the site, UNESCO wouldn't
support the archaeological project in Peru.
•Amalia showed Leila around the site .
•Leila saw how far they had got with the excavation.
•Leila wondered why Amalia didn't seem very friendly.
•Amalia asked Leila how much she knew about the Inca civilization.
•Leila told her that she did some work on the Incas when she was studying at the
Italian Institute of archaeology and that she had read Dr Hafez's reports about the
excavation.
•Leila thought that Amalia was unfriendly because Amalia thought that Dr. Hafez
chose Leila to work with him because he was a friend of her family.
•Leila told Amalia that she was here in Peru because she was an experienced
archaeologist and Dr Hafez thought her experience would be useful in this
excavation.
•Leila told Amalia that she had worked with Dr Hafez in Egypt in the valley of the
Nobles. And they excavated the tombs of Sennofer together.
•Amalia showed Leila the site.
•The site was quite similar to Machu Picchu , It was on top of a rocky hill and
surrounded by other people.
•These were huts near the excavation.
•There were twenty people working in the project.
•There were foundations of walls.
•Amalia pointed towards the side of a hill, that hill is called " hill of the king.
•Amalia told Leila that they may have found a tomb which belonged to a Chimu king.
•Amalia told Leila that the Incas conquered the Chimu but they allowed their kings to rule. If they were loyal to the Incas.
•The Incas sent the Chimu kings' sons to the capital Cuzco to make sure their fathers
were loyal.
•They discovered a tomb of Chimu king.
•The tomb includes, some bits of pottery, some human bones and a kind of entrance
hall where the priests carried out their rituals.
•At the end of the of the building there was a wall.
•Amalia said they had to make a hole in the wall to see what lied behind.
•Ramon (one of the workers in the team) shouted when he found; a gold figure of a
child. Leila and Amalia hurried to him.
•Ramon told them that the Incas sacrificed children to please the gods. Leila was
unhappy about that.
•Ramon went to get Pablo who worked for the Peruvian Ministry of culture. They
showed Pablo everything they found there.
•Everything they found stayed in Peru and belonged to the Peruvian people.
•Amalia said that there were thieves who tried to rob the tombs.
• Leila told her that we had the same problem in Egypt since the time of Pharaohs.
• A tall young man called Pablo Alvarez came and saw the figure.
• Amalia introduced Leila to Pablo who welcomed Leila and told her that the Incas were a great civilization.
• Pablo said that Incas ruled over a huge area of South America. Their empire extended from Colombia in the north to Chile in the south.
• They ruled over more than ten million people.
• Pablo said the Peruvians were very proud of their Inca heritage.
• Pablo said that many robbers come to steal culture and sell it to rich collectors.
• Leila told Pablo that they must not let anything full into the hands of thieves.
• Three days later they broke through the wall into the tomb. It was one of the most exciting days in Leila's life.
• Leila wrote an e-mail to her sister Samira. She told her that they had opened the wall of a tomb. It may be the tomb of a king.
• The area around the wall had been cleaned before Leila arrived.
• Eventually, they managed to move one stone and take it out.
• They removed some more blocks of stones.
• They had a hole enough for someone to go through. - "
• Ramon is small enough to get through the hole.
• Ramon slipped through the hole in the wall then there was a long rope tied round his waist. « Dr Hafez let the rope pass through his hands.
• Roman told Dr Hafez that he was at the bottom of the cave.
• Roman saw some human bones and some bits of pottery.
• It was getting dark and Dr Hafez ordered them to start their work the next morning. « Dr Hafez ordered that the wall should be shut up again and they would get all their equipment ready to start their exploration of the tomb the next day.
• Dr. Hafez thanked everyone of the team.
• Leila told Samira that one of the archaeologist didn't like her ( Amalia)
« Leila told her sister that she would send another e-mail after exploring the tomb.
QUESTIONS WITH MODEL ANSWERS
1. Why was Leila still tired and had a headache?
Because she had jet-lag and wasn't used to the high altitudes.
2. Why was Dr Hafez going to Quenco?
He was going to attend a meeting with a local UNESCO representative.
3. How did Leila know about Inca civilization?
She did some work on the Incas when she was studying at the Italian Institute of archaeology.
4. According to Amalia, why did Leila come to work in Peru?
Dr Hafez was a friend of her family. She was an experienced archaeologist and Dr Hafez thought her experience would be useful in the excavation.
5. Where did Leila work with Dr Hafez before ?
They excavated the tomb of Sennofer in the Valley of the Nobles in Egypt.
6. What would happen if they didn't find anything important?
UNESCO might not support them if they didn't find anything important.
7. Where did the Chimu build their tombs?
They built their tombs in hillsides.
8. Why did the Incas send the Chimu kings' sons to Cuzco?
They sent them to Cuzco to make sure that their fathers were loyal.
9. What was Pablo Alvarez?
He worked for the Peruvian Ministry of Culture. He made a note of everything they found on the site.
10. What did Ramon find in the tomb?
He found some human bones and some bits of pottery.
11. What did Leila tell Samira about Amalia in her e-mail?
She told her that Amalia didn't like her. Leila thought Amalia didn't like the fact that she was Dr Hafez's assistant and that she was in charge of her learn.-
12. What did Amalia ask Leila about?
Amalia asked Leila about how much she knew about Inca civilization.
13. What did Leila tell Amalia about her knowledge about the Inca civilization?
Leila told Amalia that she had done work on the Incas when she was studying at the Italian Institute of Archaeology and she has also read Dr Hafez's reports about the excavation.
14. How did Leila defend herself against Amalia's wrong idea?
Leila defended herself against Amalia's wrong idea saying that she was an experienced archaeologist, her experience would be useful in the Peruvian excavation as she and Dr Hafez had excavated the tomb of Sennofer in the Valley of the Nobles in Egypt.
15. What did Ramon say about the gold figure of the child?
Ramon said that the Incas used to sacrifice children to please the gods and they put those gold figures beside the body of the little girl or boy.
16. What was Leila's impression about the gold figure of the child?
Leila was unhappy and said that it was terrible.
17. What did Pablo tell Leila about the Incas?
They ruled over a huge area of South America. He also told her that they built great cities and made beautiful things. Pablo told Leila that the Peruvians were proud of their Inca heritage and they should protect it against the thieves who sold their culture to rich collectors and museums.
18. What did Leila send to her sister Samira?
Leila sent to her sister Samira a long e- mail telling her about the exciting discovery and about her worries.
19. What was the most exciting day in Leila's Life?
The most exciting day in Leila's life was when they broke through a tomb of a Chimu king.
20. What did Ramon find inside the tomb?
Ramon found bits of pottery and some human bones in the tomb.
QUOTATIONS WITH MODEL ANSWERS
1. "Could you show me around the site? "
1. Who said this to whom?
2. What was Amalia's feeling when the speaker asked her this question?
3. Why do you think Amalia was unfriendly with the speaker?
The Answer
1- This was said by Leila to Amalia.
2. She didn't seem to be very happy to show Leila around.
3. Because Dr Hafez chose Leila to be in charge of the team.
2. "I wondered why she didn't seem very friendly. "
1. Who said this?
2. Who didn't seem to be very happy to see the speaker around?
3. Why?
The Answer
1. This was said by Leila to-herself.
2. Amalia.
3. Because Dr Hafez chose her to be in charge of the team.
3. "I did some work on the Incas when I was studying at the Italian Institute of archaeology. "
1. Who said this to whom?
2. Where did the speaker work before with Dr Hafez.
3. Why was Amalia jealous of Leila?
5. "Oh, yes. I suppose . That's why you are here in Peru."
1. By whom and to whom was this statement said?
2. What was the speaker's point of view?
3. What was the answer to what was said?
The Answer
1. This was said by Amalia to Leila.
2. She believed that Leila came to Peru because Dr Hafez was her family friend.
3. Leila said she came because she was an experienced archaeologist and her experience would be useful to the excavation.
4. "Of course I'm happy to be working with Dr Hafez. "
1. Where had Leila worked with Dr Hafez before?
2. What was the wrong idea Amalia had?
3. How did Leila defend herself?
The Answer
1. She worked with him in Egypt in the Valley of the Nobles. They excavated the tomb of Sennofer together.
2. She thought that Dr Hafez chose Leila to be in charge of the team because Dr Hafez was an old family friend
3. Leila defended herself saying that Dr Hafez chose her because she was an experienced archaeologist and Dr Hafez thought that her experience would be useful in that excavation.
. "The Incas conquered the Chimu but they allowed their kings to rule-if they were loyal to the Incas. "
1. What were the Chimu famous for?
2. What did the Incas do to make sure of the king's loyalty?
3. Who said this to whom?
The Answer .
1. The Chimu were famous for their gold and silver work.
2. The Incas sent the sons of the Chimu's kings to their capital( Cuzco) to make sure their father's were loyal.
3. This was said by Amalia to Leila.
6. "It's a gold figure of a child. The Incas sacrificed children to please the gods.
" Yes, a person's life didn't have much value for the Incas."
1. Who said this and to whom was it said?
2. Who found that gold figure?
3. Why did the Incas sacrifice Children?
The Answer
1. This was said by Ramon to Amalia and Leila.
2. Ramon 3. To please the gods.
7. " But we won't know until we make a hole in the wall and see what lies behind it."
1. Who said these words? And whom?
2. What did he/ she expect to find behind the wall?
3. Did the speaker and the addressed person find anything behind the wall?
The Answer
1. Amalia to Leila. .
2. A royal tomb.
3. Yes, they found The mask of gold and other artefacts.
Complete the following sentences.
1. While Dr Hafez was being in Quenco, Amalia................................
would show Leila around the site. ,
2. Leila wondered why Amalia..............................................................
Didn't seem very friendly to her.
3. Leila deduced that Amalia wasn't friendly to her because ……
Dr Hafez had chosen her to be in charge of her team.
4. Leila worked with Dr. Hafez before in...............................................
excavating the tomb of Sennofer in Egypt.
5. Leila had jet-lag because.....................................................................
She flew a long distance and her body could not adjust the time difference.
6. UNESCO would not support the project if……………………
the local UNESCO representative got bad impression of the work.
7. The Incas allowed the Chimu lung to...............................................
Rule their own people.
8. The Incas sent the Chimu kings' sons to the capital to………
make sure their father were loyal.
9. Ramón shouted when........................................................................
he found a gold figure of a child.
10. The Incas sacrificed children to......................................................
please the gods.
11. Pablo was the man...........................................................................
who made notes of everything they found.
12. Leila sent a long e- mail to her sister Samira.................................
tell her about the exciting excavation and to ask her to write an article for her newspaper.
13. The Inca empire ruled over..............................................................
a huge area of South America.
14. Whenever the workers on the site found anything, they.................
showed it to Pablo Alvarez.
15. Amalia didn't seem to be very happy...............................................
to. show Leila around.
Chapter 5 A meeting in Quenco
THE CHAPTER IN POINTS 5
• Leila was upset that Amalia was so unfriendly to her. She decided to discuss the matter with Dr Hafez.
• Leila found Dr Hafez in front of his Lap top computer, he told her that he was
having problems with his computer.
• He told her he would have to go into their office in Quenco to ask their help and asked her if she would like to go with him.
• Leila was disappointed that they were going to explore the tomb after 2 days.
• Dr Hafez told her that surely they would start after 2 days but needed to get his computer fixed as quickly as possible.
• He also needed to see the UNESCO People before they come to inspect them.
•Leila told him that Amalia wasn't very friendly towards her. ,
• Dr Hafez asked her if she didn't like Amalia.
• Leila told him that she didn't think Amalia liked her.
• Dr Hafez asked her not to be silly because they were both about the same age and both are archaeologist. They should have been friends.
• Leila told him that Amalia may have been unfriendly because she ( Leila) was Dr Hafez's assistant or because she was in charge of the team.
• Dr Hafez told her that they would get along better when they start working together properly.
• Dr Hafez told her that Amalia was a good archaeologist.
- Amalia knew a lot about the tombs.
-Amalia did a lot of good work in the excavation.
• Amalia drove Dr Hafez and Leila to Quenco.
• Quenco had Spanish style houses and squares in the old part of the town.
* « Dr Hafez went to the project office and Leila decided to wonder off into the old part of the town.
• Leila saw old churches and she saw women dressed in colorful hats and dresses.
« Children ran after Leila laughing and clapping their hands.
• Those people were the Incas of that day. Their ancestors ruled a great empire.
• Leila felt tired and had a lot of headache because of the combination of Jet-lag and the effects of the altitude.
• Leila sat at Cafe De La Plaza at Plaza Mayor to have a drink .
• She found Amalia there so she tried to make friends with her as Dr Hafez advised her.
• But to her amazement she found Martin Lander sitting with her and Amalia was upset about something.
• Leila felt suspicious.
•Leila saw Pablo going to the UNESCO office. She decided to tell Dr Hafez that she had seen Amalia and Martin Lander sitting together.
•Leila went directly to the Hotel Grande to meet Dr. Hafez.
•Leila told Dr Hafez that she wanted to show him something.
• She led him to the cafe and pointed to the table where Amalia and the man had
been sitting but she didn't find them.
• Dr Hafez told her that he couldn't believe Amalia would do anything wrong, he
trusted her.
• He asked her not to be suspicious, and told her that she did worry unlike her sister
Samira who never worried about anything and asked her to be like her.
•They went to have lunch. » Dr Hafez told her that he knew that she didn't like Amalia very much and maybe Amalia didn't like her because she (Leila) was his assistant and in charge of her team.
•Dr Hafez told Leila that he would have a word with her but she had to try to work
with Amalia because she, worked hard and she was a good member of his
excavation.
• Dr. Hafez told Leila that he had his computer fixed and seen the UNESCO people.
• Dr Hafez and Leila got back to the camp.
• Leila logged on to the internet to read some information about united mining.
•She called up the United Mining website she checked the site of the company in
Peru.
• She read that United Mining Operations in Peru ended in 1999 there are no plans to survey or mine in Peru at that time.
• She became sure that Martin Lander was lying as he said that he was working for United Mining in Peru.
• She wondered what was Lander doing there.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
1- Why didn't Dr Hafez want to explore the tomb immediately?
Because he was having problems with his lap-top computer.
2. Why did Leila go to see Dr Hafez?
To tell him that Amalia was unfriendly to her.
3. What did some children do when Leila walked down the street.
Children ran after her, laughing and clapping their hands.
Describe the people of Quenco?
Women were dressed in colourful hats and dresses. Children were happy laughing and clapping. They are the Incas of today.
5. Why did Leila think Amalia was unfriendly?
Because Leila was Dr Hafez's assistant. And Amalia was in her team.
6. Who did Leila see together at Cafe " de la Plaza?
Leila saw Amalia Guzman and Lander.
7. Why did Leila stop dead at Cafe de La Plaza?
Because she Saw Amalia sitting with Lander. *
8. What did Hafez advise to do about Amalia being unfriendly to her?
He advised Leila to be on good terms with Amalia.
9. What did Leila find when she logged onto the internet to check the information given to her by Lander about United Mining.
She found that United Mining Operations in Peru ended in 1999.
10. Make a comparison between the two sister Leila and Samira?
Samira never worried about anything. She was funny. Leila was worried about everything. She was nervous
QUOTATIONS
1. "No, I'm having problems with my computer. I'll have to go into our office in Quenco and see if they can help".
1. Who said this to whom?
2. Why did Dr Hafez go to Quenco?
3. On what occasion was it said?
The Answer;
1. Dr Hafez to Leila.
2. To get his computer fixed and to see the UNESCO people because they come to inspect their site.
3. When Dr Hafez was sitting in front of his lap top computer.
2. "I was disappointed Aren't we going to explore the tomb."
1. Who said this to whom?
2. Why was the speaker disappointed?
3. Which tomb they would explore?
The Answer:
1. Leila to Dr Hafez.
2. Because Dr Hafez told her that they would start to explore the tomb the day after tomorrow."
3. One of the Chimu king's tomb.
3. "She isn't friendly towards me."
1. Who said this to whom?
2. Why was Amalia unfriendly to the speaker?
3. What was Dr Hafez's advice?
The Answer:
1. Leila to Dr Hafez.
2. Because Dr Hafez chose her to be in charge of the team and his assistant.
3. Dr Hafez advised Leila not to be silly, and advised her to like each other because there were friends and they were about the same age and they were archaeologists
4. "You'll get a long better when you start working with her properly."
1. Who said this to whom?
2. What was Amalia?
3. How did Dr Hafez see Amalia?
The Answer
1. This was said by Dr Hafez to Leila.
2. Amalia was one of the Peruvian archaeologists.
3. She was a good archaeologist. She knew a lot about their tombs. She had done a lot of good work in that excavation.
5. "Was it the man I had met on the plane? "
1. Who said this to whom?
2. What was Leila?
3. Where was the speaker?
The Answer
1. This was said by Leila to herself.
2. Leila was an Egyptian archaeologist working with Dr Hafez in a UNESCO exchange programme in Peru.
3. Leila was in PLAZA MAYOR in a cafe called "Cafe de la Plaza "
6. "Amalia Guzman and the man from the mining company"
1. Who said this to whom?
2. Where were they?
3. On what occasion was it said.
The Answer
1. This was said by Leila to Dr Hafez.
2. They were in a cafe called "Cafe de la Plaza" in PLAZA MAYOR.
3. When she saw Amalia and Lander sitting together in a cafe called " Cafe de la Plaza" and she took Dr Hafez to show him that they were sitting with each other .By that time Amalia and Lander had gone.
7. "You remember what you told me about Lander?
1. Who said this to whom?
2. What did Dr Hafez think of Lander?
3. Where was it said?
The Answer
1. This was said by Leila to Dr Hafez.
2. He thought that Lander helped people to steal things from excavations.
3. It was said at the " Cafe de Plaza"
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
1. Leila was upset because...................................................................
Amalia was unfriendly to her.
2. In Quenco women were dressed in................................................
colorful hats and dresses.
3. At Cafe de la Plaza Leila stopped dead when..................................
she saw Amalia sitting with Lander
4. Dr Hafez thought that Lander helped people to............................
steal things from excavations.
5. Leila logged on to the internet to....................................................
check information about United Mining given to her by Lander.
6. Amalia's unfriendly treatment with Leila……………….............
made Leila worried and upset.
7. When the children saw Leila walking in the street.......................
they ran after her, laughing and clapping their hands.
8. When Leila called up the United Mining website, she....................
found out that the United Mining operations in Peru ended in 1999.
9. Lander was lying when.....................................................................
he said he was working for united mining in Peru.
10. Dr Hafez advised Leila....................................................................
not to be so suspicious.
Mr. Said Amer
St_saidamer@yahoo.com
0109916984